However, although the United States recognized Bangladesh, China did not do so; moreover, in unison with Pakistan, it continued to refer to Bangladesh as a land under Indian occupation. [4][5], The project was funded by the Bangladeshi government, private sector organizations, academic institutes and UNESCO.

Despite China's opposition to War of Liberation, the Zia government was interested in winning friendship of the country on account of its cold relations with India. After over 3 and a half decade of pursuing mutually unfriendly relations with India, Bangladesh has assured the latter of total commitment for that country's security concerns. The UN charter mentioned in article 2(4) that 'All Members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other manner inconsistent with the purposes of the United Nations'. On the other hand, the limits of the territorial waters of the two countries are yet to be defined.

In the wave of liberalisation, globalisation and privatisation Bangladesh also moved towards enhancing trade and investment for the economic development of the country. [9] Over 1200 writers and specialists in Bangladesh and abroad helped create the entries. The Banglapedia project originated when the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh was working on a three-volume study titled History of Bangladesh, 1704-1971 in 1991. Bangladesh is a member of various international key organisations such as the UN, the NAM etc. Bangladesh’s active role in international organization. Despite the country's negative role in the War of Liberation various initiatives in establishing normal relations with it were taken right from the period of the first government of Bangladesh. The only neutral country which accorded recognition during this early period was Burma. Thus completed, the first part of Vidyarthabali was compiled into the 638-page Vyabachchedvidya, the first book on anatomy and surgery in Bengali. Geography (includes its fertility, climate, location in relation to other land masses and water ways). Its purpose is to provide a standard desk reference for Bangladeshis, as well as for people interested in Bangladesh, Bengali-speaking people, and related political, cultural and geographical contexts. Social structure (A society which is divided on the basis of wealth religion, regional imbalances etc. They are given below: Friendship to all and malice towards none: Bangladesh being a poor country is dependent on the foreign aid which is provided by the states with various ideologies. From October 1819 till November 1820 the book was printed by Felix Carey every month in 48-page installments. The makers of foreign relations of Bangladesh sought close relations with the United States from the very beginning. [5], The Banglapedia project originated when the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh was working on a three-volume study titled History of Bangladesh, 1704-1971 in 1991. In addition to proactive diplomacy in the field of migration and development, Bangladesh has concentrated on the protection of migrant workers. Recognition of Bangladesh by a large number of countries including Pakistan, the West, the non-aligned and Muslim countries. On the sidelines of the 71st UN General Assembly in New York, Bangladesh took over the chairmanship of Delta Commission. Millennium Development Goals and remained

Since independence in 1971, the country has stressed its principle of "Friendship towards all, malice towards none" in dictating its diplomacy.

visit to Washington and membership of the non-aligned movement to cite some of the main achievements of Bangladesh Foreign policy during the formative phase. With every passing day, Bangladesh is losing opportunities which are emerging due to changing global realities. As a member of the Non-Aligned Movement, Bangladesh has tended to … Topper BD [1][4][9] Despite controversies over entries on the Bangladesh Liberation War and indigenous people, both the Bengali and English versions became popular upon publication. Immediately after independence, a bold initiative was taken in order to form relations with the predominantly Muslim countries including the Arab states. As they decided to assist the developing countries in Asia and Africa with this money, Bangladesh availed itself of the opportunity. After the return of Awami League government in January 2009, Prime Minister sheikh hasina made it clear that foreign policy of Bangladesh has made a major shift.

Foreign Policy of Bangladesh consists of self-interest strategies chosen by the Constitution of the country to safeguard its national interests and to achieve goals within its international relations milieu. Priorities in foreign relations The national interest of Bangladesh is interpreted in terms of the aims of the foreign policy of the country. On the other hand, there is a prospective alternative for Nepal of using the ports in Bangladesh which can reduce its dependence on the Port of Calcutta. Owing to the role of the Soviet Union in the War of Liberation Bangladesh formed special relations with the country. Bangladesh will continue to pursue such peace-centric developments both at home and abroad. After Awami League came into power for the second time in 1996 it gave priority to strengthening relations with India. Geography has put Bangladesh as a neighbour of India and Myanmar in three sides except the south with the Bay of Bengal. The concept of socialism was enshrined in the Constitution of Bangladesh in 1972.

Despite India's immense contribution towards the War of Liberation Bangladesh soon found itself in dispute with the country about a number of issues. Bangladesh's foreign policy has exhibited an activism, moderation, and force of moral conviction which has earned the respect of the world". [7] In 1996, some three dozen committees were formed with three to four people in each committee to recommend the entries. The Zia government did not abandon the policies of 'opposition to imperialism, colonialism, and racialism' which were put in the Constitution by the Mujib government as part of the country's foreign policy, but nevertheless adopted a policy of establishing relations with the Muslim countries on the basis of Islamic solidarity through appending a new article (Article 25(2)) to the Constitution. Apart from political matters, Bangladesh entered into cooperation with China in the fields of military and economic affairs. Support oppressed peoples throughout the world waging a just struggle against imperialism colonialism or racialism. The Islamic world and African countries took their own time to recognise Bangladesh. Bangladesh’s top diplomat lists all that happened. Self … The combined military exercise of the United States and Bangladesh in the past few years, and the frequent visits from the officers of the US armed forces to Bangladesh bear witness to this. After the fall of Ershad regime, The Government of begum khaleda zia adopted as its foreign policy priorities those were adopted by General Ziaur Rahman. The country pursues a moderate foreign policy that places heavy reliance on multinational diplomacy, especially at the United Nations and World Trade Organization (WTO). The provisional government formed during the war of liberation drew up an outline of the foreign relations of Bangladesh before the country came into being as an independent state. It was due to the foreign policy initiatives of President Zia's government that Bangladesh won a seat in the UN Security Council for the 1979-80 term, defeating handsomely a country of the stature of Japan.'. [9], The encyclopedia was prepared by a board of editors that included Professor Sirajul Islam of the Department of History, Dhaka University, as the Chairman and Chief Editor, Professor Sajahan Miah of the Department of Philosophy, Dhaka University, as the Convenor and Managing Editor, Professor M. Aminul Islam as the Chairman of Project Implementation Committee, the Chairman of Fund Management Committee, and the Chairman of Cartography Committee, Professor Abdul Momin Chowdhury as the Chairman of Publication Committee, Professor S M Mahfuzur Rahman as the Convenor of Purchase and Procurement Committee, Shahida Alam as the Convenor of Public Relations and Communication Committee, and Professor Jamilur Reza Chowdhury as the Chairman of Multimedia Committee.

Size (the size of state territory as well as its population).

As Bangladesh got the membership of the Commonwealth after independence, Pakistan withdrew itself from this organisation. Among the Western countries, Australia and New Zealand were the first to accord recognition to Bangladesh. It is a challenge for Bangladesh as to how to maintain a delicate balance of relations between China and India. Our signature resolution in the United Nations General Assembly on ‘Culture of Peace and Non-violence’ will remain the guiding beacon in our forward journey. India has surrounded Bangladesh from three sides and the position of Bangladesh is like a flannel from the Bay of Bengal. Bangladesh’s foreign policy achievements in the bilateral sphere surpassed those of earlier years. Principles of Bangladesh Foreign Policy: Every state follows some principles upon which the entire foreign policy revolves. With a view to resolving this problem India handed Tin Bigha over to Bangladesh in 1992 on condition that Bangladesh citizens would use this corridor for every other two hours. China also supported Bangladesh in raising the Farakka issue in the United Nations. From this point on, the relations between the two countries continued to improve rapidly. In 2016, Bangladesh took part in the ministerial meeting on Peacekeeping in Paris in October, the United Nations Peacekeeping Defence Ministerial in London in September and joined the UN Security Council’s High-Level Open Debate on Protecting Civilians in the Context of Peacekeeping Operations at the UN Headquarters in New York in June, to underscore the need for necessary capabilities, including intelligence and technology, to serve our troops’ vital interests and enhance their capacity to maintain peace, protect civilians and ensure their own safety and security. ), National capacity (depends on its military power, its technological advancement and economic development.). On the other hand, Bangladesh was interested in strengthening its relations with the Soviet Union in view of the country's support in the War of Liberation, and the contemporary global situation. Bangladesh's options in foreign policy appear to be limited because of its geographical location, small size of the territory and limited economic resources. Recently steps were taken to improve relations with Russia and to purchase military equipment from it.

While sticking to its longstanding position for disarmament, Bangladesh has also entered into partnerships with Russia, India and Japan for peaceful uses of nuclear energy. [5][7] They are mostly academics, as well as specialists in districts and upazilas for locality inputs and people from professions and occupations. But it failed to get the membership of the United Nations in 1972 because of China's veto on the issue. BNP government, according to its own judgement, considered the United States, China and the Muslim world to be important with regard to foreign relations. A professor of history at the University of Dhaka, the oldest and largest university in Bangladesh, Islam gave up his day job five years before the formal date for retirement, to make time for Banglapedia. Conceptually, foreign policy is that part of the national policy of a state which relates to the external environment.

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