var inputLZ = $("#textLZ").val(); //AP=(OV^2)/Rt actual power (applied voltage squared and total R) if (isNaN(inputLZ)) { These separate wire runs can be disconnected for troubleshooting and could be powered by different power amplifiers. With larger (thicker) wire the loss is less because a thicker wire has less resistance. A simple comparison illustrates the losses associated with the system wiring and gives the designer a good feel for the actual power delivered to the loudspeaker input terminal. The picture below was provided by Parts Express.

$("#labelRt").html(inputRt); $("#LabelError").html("Enter a number for WG"); inputSPL2 = Math.round(inputSPL2 * 1000) / 1000; clearLabels(); The voltage of "70V" or "100V" is NOT a real constant voltage, it is the maximum voltage defined by the system and it corresponds to the maximum input level of the amplifier. 5. } The real problem is that all your audio is going to run through these transformers, so the quality of the audio is directly related to the quality of these transformers. In most cases the power loss will be higher with the low impedance design. var inputPL3 = inputI2 * inputI2 * inputW; Calculation tool for high or low impedance speaker lines. These are commercial-grade products so you won't find one at a hi-fi or home theater store. return; var inputSPL1 = 10 * Math.log(dividePSPT)/Math.LN10; 26 0 obj Zt = E² / P = 70,7 * 70.7 / 100 = 4998.5 / 100 = 49.98    the total load impedance is 50 Ohms! Photo used by permission from Parts Express.

Obviously, this parameter also varies with the current drawn from the amplifier and the distance to the loudspeaker. Speaker wiring is a simple process that often gets complicated when trying to … The “calculator” below will allow you to vary any of the input parameters to see how a low Z system will compare with a high Z system. //PS=(10^(-I1/10))*PL2 power at speakers (Hi Z) $("#LabelError").html("Enter a number for Lp"); The wire acts like a voltage divider and cuts the amount of voltage from the amplifier available to the speaker. A large number of single loudspeakers, each equipped with a step-down transformer, can be connected to one single output line.

The second thing is that you will need to buy a special transformer for every speaker running off this system. Simply enter the distance from the amplifier to the loudspeaker. return; var inputWl = $("#textWl").val(); This value should be compared to the same value associated with the high impedance design. var inputI2 = inputVlz / inputRT; var inputVlz = Math.sqrt(inputLp * inputRT); The name 'constant voltage' corresponds to the characteristic that the voltage is not changing then the connected impedance changes (more or less connected loudspeakers). With the available 100V this will produce a power of about 90 Watts, reaching the speaker. var inputOV = $("#textOV").val(); function blurCalculate() { The cable resistance is = 300m * 18 Ohms/km * 2 * 1/1000 = 10.8 Ohms

The cable adds a resistance of 10.8 Ohms to the speaker impedance of 100 Ohms (the above 100V system in the Example 1). return; The level in the reception lobby was a gentle low volume. inputPL4 = Math.round(inputPL4 * 1000) / 1000;

Remember, you do NOT need to use the same input power for the low impedance design as the high impedance design. $("#labelPS").html(inputPS); 1. Extron provides a series of audio calculators that sound system designers, engineers, and technicians frequently need to access, such as determining amplifier power requirements, converting between dBu and dBV or volts, or estimating the …

The cost of the wire in such an installation becomes incidental. To use it, enter the quantity of speakers, the the wattage (power) tap used. $("#labelVlz").html(inputVlz); The decrease in current reduces the power loss in the wiring (I^2*R losses). 2. var inputAP = inputOV * inputOV / inputRt; The only rule is that the total impedance of the 100V line should not fall below the minimum impedance of the amplifier's 70V/100V output. $("#labelPL1").html(inputPL1);

$("#labelPL3").html(inputPL3); Inspection of the table shown above illustrates the limitation of high impedance designs when power levels become large. Of course the low Z speaker can sometimes suffer from extreme line losses, particularly when the resistance of the line becomes an appreciable percentage of the nominal impedance of the low Z speaker. In order to make a good comparison between low impedance loudspeaker systems and “high impedance”, or transformer based loudspeakers several user inputs are required. var inputPL4 = inputI2 * inputI2 * inputLZ; %%+ -dEmbedAllFonts=true -dSubsetFonts=true -dCompressFonts=true -dNOPAUSE -dQUIET -dBATCH ? The ration between the amplifier's output impedance and the individual speaker's transformer impedance is usually between 1:100 and 1:1000. //RT=LZ+W calculates total low Z resistance The impedance presented to the amplifier goes up from 4 ohms to 8 ohms but it is likely that the transformer insertion loss will outweigh any advantage. Accurately measure speaker lines that utilize impedance matching volume controls, switchers, transformers and passive crossovers Because this unit accurately measures up to 20Kohm, it may also be utilized with 25V, 50V, 70V, and 100V speaker line transformers in commercial installations (information included in the manual) Large digital display. $("#LabelCalculated3").html(""); } <>

Every One Systems product undergoes 100% testing to ensure conformance with specifications, consistency and high reliability.

The decision to use low impedance, 4 ohm or 8 ohm loudspeakers, or a high impedance (often called “Constant Voltage” or “70Volt”) system is not a straight forward matter in system designs that use large format loudspeakers or are distributed over a substantial distance.

The secondary side of the transformer matches to the speaker itself (mostly 8 Ohms). Loudspeaker tappings are available on most 100v / 70v line / high impedance loudspeakers (ceilling speakers, horns, columns, wall speakers etc) and are found on the rear of the units. This is 100% less that the full 100W that would be produced by connecting the speaker directly with a very short cable. var inputRt = inputW + inputTI; $("#labelWR").html(inputWR); $("#LabelError").html("Enter a number for OV"); $("#LabelError").html("Enter a number for OV"); 4. Once this result is analyzed you can easily increase the power input to the low impedance speaker and compare new results to the high impedance case. A good place to begin is to enter the same power level as the high Z speaker. Sum all of these power taps and ensure the amplifier’s wattage rating is not exceeded; otherwise increase the size of the power amplifier to match or exceed your sum. There would be no advantage and the transformer insertion loss would produce a reduced SPL! Extron Audio Calculators. Wire run for certain power rates and wire gauge, Emergency / paging switch for 70V / 100V systems. This means you can decide as you're installing, or even afterwards, if a particular speaker is too loud or not loud enough. inputTI = Math.round(inputTI * 1000) / 1000; First, you need to buy an amplifier that has a 70-volt output. var inputWG = $("#textWG").val();

In 2010, he was named “Educator of the Year” by the National Systems Contractors Association (NSCA). This is a fun parameter to play with. One Systems offers both low impedance designs and “high impedance” designs for direct weather installations and indoor applications. NOTE: It is frequently the case that smaller diameter wire is used when high impedance speakers are specified. $("#labelIa").html(inputIa);

Calculation tool for high or low impedance speaker lines. $("#LabelError").html("Enter a number for PT"); But in a high voltage system power will also be lost in the wire (wire length - resistance - heat). 25V, 70V, 100V and sometimes even more than 200V (for very long cable runs and higher power requirements) are used for a constant voltage system. Supermarkets, hotels, hospitals, airports are where you will find 70-volt distributed loudspeaker systems; anywhere you have more than a dozen speakers. F E E T 70 VOLT SPEAKER WIRING LIMITATIONS CHART Instructions: Determine the combined output in watts for all speakers on a line. Usually it will be 10 to 15 % for both transformers together. Balls fall through the pipes.
Follow the nearest vertical line up to its intersection with a diagonal wire size line. inputW = Math.round(inputW * 1000) / 1000; You will also notice the astounding distances that 70-volt distributed systems can go.

Because power is always the product of voltage (V) and current (A), in a given cable with a given resistance a higher voltage means lower current is needed to transport the same power. $(document).ready(startup); The decision to use low impedance, 4 ohm or 8 ohm loudspeakers, or a high impedance (often called “Constant Voltage” or “70Volt”) system is not a straight forward matter in system designs that use large format loudspeakers or are distributed over a substantial distance. var inputTI = inputOV * inputOV / inputPT; Because of the resistance in the wire between the power amplifier and the speaker the speaker will 'lose' power to the wire. -f ? $("#labelI2").html(inputI2); They also can be switched differently (see paging switch). (but remember that you may need more amplifier channels when you start increasing power levels with this parameter). if (inputLZ == "") { $("#LabelError").html("Enter a number for LZ");

This then allows the amplifier output voltage to be increased, and the current decreased. Steve Lampen, RCDD, has worked for Belden for 25 years and is currently the multimedia technology manager and product line manager for entertainment products. if (isNaN(inputPT)) { $("#LabelError").html("Select a value for Il"); ( Factor 2 for two wires in a cable, factor 1/1000 for the km in the wire resistance ) The calculator in this article was designed to provide the information necessary to help system designers choose the best solution for a particular application or venue.

return; 2. Enter the required data in the “INPUTS” section below. Find that value at the bottom of the chart. NOTE: See Appendix 2 for approximate conversions of AWG wire sizes to metric wire sizes. ªÏæo†î2lV+ïCË�õî0ÏĞĞ4ĞÔóâQ!®–ôîöEô)N2kz”© $+†IEX`†:#…1éïÔ%…qX(%‚qÑL)$Gpª2"€M$†Då„'ñæ'‘='2Š(érr3ÄÓïÛRfIRk$âÌ'[p&òY$ñp(’¼ŸÄñ (¤Qj8QãÒ±ïÑğøPnm…aÑ$Æü(C$ã)ºü%O’„'óğM'‘Ç.“(ÅB‹/Q§1ƒ¶øÂQ²í#Å÷²Ş"/�#ñôŸÒÖ(K+Ha$r�nÇ$)›$iu52´)2Q±33F÷B‚5)H_0îŸ'´;r¢(&góìr€))R‹P7(Èvq¬,ó•QÛ)Ó~@ Tp#1óu*å‘5æ6Éÿ-3a,3Ã%“W,Ò=åE½//âk“`2’¼egÀo9)0ÑÂhÓˆo´“{+ÆQ³ù1“q&F•ñÃ6o¾¼sâ%ô[Ó^¼1‡C³>=CÉ4 nÚ…Ë}

}

$("#labelRT").html(inputRT);

} The insertion loss of the transformers is measured at 1000 Hz. var inputIl = $("#selectIl").val(); The constant voltage solution was borrowed from the electrical power grid distribution system. The table below is from the Belden website and shows how far you can go before you get to a specific loss. This output can be compared to the original input parameter of “Desired Tap Value” in watts. Another unique feature is that the transformer on each speaker has a number of taps on the output. You will also notice the astounding distances that 70-volt distributed systems can go. The simplest way to design a constant-voltage system is to have just one wire run and to connect all speakers to this one line.

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