In 1870 Ralph Millner led an epic drive of 7,000 sheep from South Australia to the Roper River, on the southern border of Arnhem Land. Collet Barker was liked by the Malay fishermen and his own men who described him as honourable, just, indefatigable and dauntless. Fannie Bay Gaol operated as Her Majesty’s Gaol and Labour Prison from 1883 until 1979. The interest shown by both the Dutch and French resulted in efforts by the British to settle the north of Australia long before many of the other colonies were established. A number of states and polities formerly claimed colonies and territories in Canada prior to the evolution of the current provinces and territories under the federal system. It is also possible that they were Arab traders, who brought their swift dhows and the religion of Islam to the eastern islands of the Malay Archipelago (present-day Indonesia) later in the same century; they may also have been the Portuguese, who colonized Timor from 1506.
Flinders’ survey of the western shore of the Gulf of Carpentaria made him the first of a new breed of naval surveyors who worked for the rest of the century to make the oceans safe for British commerce. His convicts soon grew vegetables and fruit. It was Lieut. The last major gaps in the coastal survey of northern Australia were closed between 1837 and 1843 by John Clements Wickham and John Lort Stokes in HMS Beagle, the ship that had earlier carried naturalist Charles Darwin to South America during the 1830s. Darwin Horse and Carriage offers a taste of yesteryear and is one of the best experiences you can have during your stay. Reports of Dutch voyages may have helped to bring to Australia’s north coast the Buginese (Bugis) and Makasarese from the island of Celebes (Sulawesi) in the Malay Archipelago. By the end of 1865, the South Australian government sent explorer John McKinlay up north to check out the area east of Adelaide River and find a better place for a settlement.

Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. However, Victoria’s presence did attract the Prussian naturalist Ludwig Leichhardt, who made an epic overland journey from southeastern Queensland to Port Essington in 1844–45. The Dutch left a few names on the map such as Groote Eylandt, Vanderlin Island, Arnhem land, Cape Arnhem, Cape Keerweer, Van Diemen Gulf and the Gulf of Carpentaria, after Peter Carpenter, then governor of the VOC. The British desire to claim all of Australia, combined with a belief that they could harness the trade of the eastern Malay Archipelago just as the Dutch had done in Java, led to the establishment of three military settlements on the territory coast. Tourism NT does not endorse, certify or warrant the quality of the product and services offered by third parties or their agents. After Bremer left in June 1839, the little town and the settlement began slowly to deteriorate. Central Australia

The small Central Mount Stuart Historical Reserve, approximately 212 kilometres north of Alice Springs on the Stuart Highway, commemorates the... Ruby Gap Nature Park is a remote Park located on the far eastern edge of the East MacDonnell Ranges. He named the fort for Sir Philip Dundas, First Lord of the Admiralty. At the very top of the Northern Territory in Arnhem Land on the Cobourg Peninsula, the Garig Gunak Barlu National Park is remote and rugged... Construction of the Smith Point Beacon began in 1843 when the ship's company of the Camelion constructed the base of the Beacon.

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The Northern Territory has a rich colonial history with tales, monuments and landmarks named after the early European explorers who traversed the landscape. Speculation, obstructive mining laws, poor ore bodies, and bad living conditions on the goldfields meant that mild boom was followed by major bust. The telegraph-poling parties found traces of gold in the stony hills around Pine Creek, south of Darwin, and in 1872 gold-prospecting parties began to arrive through Port Darwin. Despite a multiplicity of tribal and clan structures, the groups shared cultural similarities in their indissoluble links to their lands and the importance of myth and ritual in maintaining those links. Explore the eerie ruins of Victoria Settlement, one of two failed British settlements on the Cobourg Peninsula in the Garig Gunak Barlu National... Mac Clark Conservation Reserve protects rare Acacia Peuce trees, which are found in only two other locations in the world.
On 28 June he, his son Frederick, surveyors, two women, forty officers and men went ashore. Lieutenant Colonel Boyle Travers Finniss was appointed in March 1864 to take charge as Government Resident of the Northern Territory. This was a year after South Australia had gained control of the Northern Territory. Pieter Pieterszoon (1636), Abel Janszoon Tasman (1642 and 1644), and other Dutch voyagers followed. The French also named many sites along the coast.

Severe economic depression in the 1890s, accompanied by high transport costs, labour shortages, and an Aboriginal population that often showed its resistance to European encroachment on its territories by killing cattle, sent the industry into decline. Because the Dutch were traders, the Aborigines, who had no trade goods, held little interest for them. More than 30,000 of the city's then 43,000 people were evacuated to cities and towns all over Australia immediately after the devastation of Tracy.

In the south Alice Springs, founded as a telegraph station in 1870, grew into a small settlement. Dr John Gold and storekeeper John Green were speared to death. Hear stories from the Territory's gold mining era and get insights into the daily lives of the early settlers, farmers and telegraph operators. From the very start there were problems. Victoria River Downs, which covered 8,364 square miles (21,663 square km) in 1908, was said to be the world’s largest cattle run.

Needless to say that it did not take long before the first white man was killed. Soon after the establishment and settlement of Australia at Port Jackson, the first of several British settlements were made on the north coast, partly as a result of Philip Parker King's surveys. Its growth was stimulated by small gold strikes in the 1880s and, most importantly, by pastoralism. The Northern Territory has a rich colonial history with tales, monuments and landmarks named after the early European explorers who traversed the landscape. In six expeditions between 1858 and 1862, the diminutive Scot John McDouall Stuart thrust northward through the central deserts and reached the coast east of Port Darwin, distinguishing himself as one of the great Australian explorers.

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