It is considered an Arabic-derived African writing system.


It will enhance any encyclopedic page you visit with the magic of the WIKI 2 technology. The source code for the WIKI 2 extension is being checked by specialists of the Mozilla Foundation, Google, and Apple. For instance, Arabic expressions, such as min fam muʿallimī ‘from the mouth of my teacher’, samiʿtuhu min shaykhinā ‘I heard it from our shaykh’ or min khaṭṭ shaykhī ‘from the handwriting of my shaykh’ are used to refer to their sources of information2. [1], There is no standard system of using Ajami, and different writers may use letters with different values. Thus, Soninke Ajami manuscripts may still be written as part of classical Islamic education in scholarly centres near Kayes, Mali, and in several places in the vicinity of Bakel, Senegal. Some of the scholars from this network were among the teachers of al-Ḥājj Sālim. Explore contextually related video stories in a new eye-catching way. It also refers to the practice of writing other languages using a modified Arabic script. Interestingly, many Soninke Ajami manuscripts (more than 30% of my corpus) also contain an additional layer of glosses or colophons – the inscription at the end of a manuscript providing information about its production – written in other languages, such as Mandinka1. In short, Soninke Ajami manuscripts are important internal witnesses of educational practices for a period from the late 18th – 20th centuries on a territory that includes parts of Mali, north-eastern and southern Senegal, the Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, and northern and southern coastal Guinea. However, the geographical area in which Soninke Ajami is written is less vast than before. A peculiar feature of the Soninke Ajami manuscripts is that the scribes indicated local scholars as authors or transmitters of some Arabic and Ajami annotations. What is the written tradition of Soninke like today? Required fields are marked *. Despite Soninke being the main language of the glosses, the manuscripts were in fact produced by the scribes of different identities and linguistic backgrounds. ), The Development of Indigenous Trade and Markets in West Africa, London: Oxford University Press, 228–239. Such references uncover the context, places, and individuals who, directly or indirectly, created and used Soninke Ajami manuscripts. Of course, it is not possible to recover the background information for every manuscript. For instance, the Arabic letter ʿayn represents velar nasal /ŋ/ in Soninke but can also serve as support for a vowel. Soninke Ajami manuscripts elucidate the classical Islamic education tradition. Soninke Ajami writing does not seem to be widespread for genres outside the religious domain: literary compositions, record keeping, correspondence, etc. Its use is often in a situation of digraphia, with Ajami used for specific purposes, such as for local herbal preparations in the Jula language.

The term Ajami, or Ajamiyya, which comes from the Arabic root for foreign or stranger, has been applied to Arabic alphabets used for writing African languages, especially those of Hausa and Swahili, although many other African languages were written using the script, among them Yoruba.

Grassroots Ajami literacy has been historically high in the communities and across countries in the region. Some elements are easy to interpret, some require moments (several hours or even days!) The term Ajami, or Ajamiyya, which comes from the Arabic root for foreign or stranger, has been applied to Arabic alphabets used for writing African languages, especially those of Hausa and Swahili, although many other African languages were written using the script, among them Yoruba. As mentioned earlier, a considerable part of manuscripts in my corpus, were written by non-Soninke speakers. (This poem was translated and analysed by Samby Khalil Magassouba and Djibril Dramé). Today, Swahili is one of the most important languages of Africa. A research blog on Islamic manuscripts containing sub-Saharan African languages written in Arabic script, You will be redirected to OpenEdition Search. What can Soninke Ajami manuscripts tell us about West African society and history? I use WIKI 2 every day and almost forgot how the original Wikipedia looks like.
However, Hausa Ajami is still in widespread use, especially in Islamic circles. Furthermore, within my specific corpus of manuscripts, I was able to trace the connections between manuscripts, scribes, and their teachers, thus illuminating distinct networks of scholars. This website uses cookies to ensure you get the best experience on our website. – CD.

Curtin, Philip D. (1971), ‘Pre-Colonial Trading Networks and Traders: The Diakhanké’, in Claude Meillassoux (ed. Jula Ajami in Burkina Faso: A grassroots literacy in the former Kong empire. The earliest manuscript with the Soninke Ajami annotations in my corpus can be dated to the late 18th century thanks to the watermarks of the paper. There are another five manuscripts, written in Mandinka-speaking southern Senegal and the Gambia, which are connected through the scholarly names mentioned in their margins.

Minority and restricted uses of the Arabic alphabet: the aljamiado phenomenon. The Arabic script’s adoption in Swahili-speaking East Africa With the advent of Arabic script in East Africa, … Continue reading "Swahili Ajami: An introduction" In many cases in Africa today ajami is spreading, especially through the print, radio, TV and electronic media.

The scribes usually did not write down the dates in colophons. You could also do it yourself at any point in time.

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